A.E. NIKOLISHIN, N.А. CHUPROVA, V.M. BRODYANSKIY, A.V. SHCHURINA, G.Yu. SULIMOV, R.A. ROMASHKIN

V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Addiction, 23 Kropotkinsky per., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991

Nikolishin A.E. — researcher of the Molecular Genetics Laboratory, tel. +7-929-925-87-56, e-mail: aenikolishin@gmail.com

Chuprova N.A. — researcher of the Molecular Genetics Laboratory, tel. (499) 241-04-65, e-mail: druggen@mail.ru

Brodyansky V.M. — Cand. Biol. Sc., Leading researcher of the Molecular Genetics Laboratory, tel. (499) 241-04-65, e-mail: druggen@mail.ru

Schurina A.V. — researcher of the Molecular Genetics Laboratory, tel. (499) 241-04-65, e-mail: druggen@mail.ru

Sulimov G.Yu. — Cand. Med. Sc., Leading researcher of the Rehabilitation Department, tel. +7-929-241-92-66, e-mail: german_soul@mail.ru

Romashkin R.A. — researcher of the Molecular Genetics Laboratory, tel. (499) 241-04-65, e-mail: druggen@mail.ru

The article studies the use of quantitative assessment of the impact of genetic factors to forecast the terms of alcohol dependence formation and development. A total of 464 in-patients were surveyed, with the average age of 43.6±13.36 years; the diagnosis of «alcohol dependence» (ICD-10 F10.2) was made in all cases. 84.5% of the subjects reported having a family history (FH) of alcohol dependence, 33.8% ― a high degree of FH. The high genetic risk (GR) was observed in 47.2% of patients. Comparisons using x² criterion and the nonparametric Mann ― Whitney test showed differences between patients with varying degrees of FH, and varying levels of GR. The patients without FH sharply differ from the patients with high FH (at least 2 patients in the family), and patients with moderate FH (1 patient in the family) occupy an intermediate position. The obtained data prove that, regardless of gender, the presence of FH and its high degree speed up the formation and development of alcohol dependence and present a risk factor for this disease. Using the quantitative analysis of FH and GR of patient in the early stages of the disease, it is possible to predict the rate of formation, development and severity of alcohol dependence.

Key words: alcohol dependence, genetics, heredity, family history, genetic risk, gene polymorphism, dopamine.

REFERENCES

1. Anokhina I.P. Hereditary predisposition to the abuse of psychoactive substances. Psikhiatriya i psikhofarmakoterapiya, 2001, no. 3, pp. 59-65 (in Russ.).
2. Enoch M.A., Goldman D. The genetics of alcoholism and alcohol abuse. Current Psychiatry Reports, 2001, vol. 3, iss. 2, pp. 144-151.
3. Walters G.D. The heritability of alcohol abuse and dependence: a meta-analysis of behavior genetic research. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2002, vol. 28, iss. 3, pp. 557-584.
4. Bienvenu O.J., Davydow D.S., Kendler K.S. Psychiatric ‘diseases’ versus behavioral disorders and degree of genetic influence. Psychological Medicine, 2011, vol. 41, pp. 33-40.
5. Ducci F., Goldman D. Genetic approaches to addiction: genes and alcohol. Addiction, 2008, vol. 103, iss. 9, pp. 1414-1428.
6. Kibitov A.O. Family burdens on narcological diseases: biological, clinical and genetic characteristics. Sotsial’naya i klinicheskaya psikhiatriya, 2015, no. 1 (25), pp. 98-104 (in Russ.).
7. Mayfield R.D., Harris R.A., Schuckit M.A. Genetic factors influencing alcohol dependence. British Journal of Pharmacology, 2008, vol. 154, no. 2, pp. 275-287.
8. Kibitov A.O., Brodyanskiy V.M., Anokhina I.P. Search for molecular-genetic markers of high-risk narcological diseases. Voprosy narkologii, 2015, no. 5, pp. 85-98 (in Russ.).
9. Stoltenberg S.F., Mudd S.A., Blow F.C., Hill E.M. Evaluating measures of family history of alcoholism: density versus dichotomy. Addiction, 1998, vol. 93, iss. 10, pp. 1511-1520.
10. Comings D.E., Blum K. Reward deficiency syndrome: genetic aspects of behavioral disorders. Progress in Brain Research, 2000, vol. 126, pp. 325-341.
11. Gorwood P. Contribution of genetics to the concept of risk status for alcohol dependence. Journal de la Société de Biologie, 2000, vol. 194, iss. 1, pp. 43-49.
12. Anokhina I.P., Kibitov A.O., Veretinskaya A.G. et al. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of alcoholism. Voprosy narkologii, 2010, no. 6, pp. 69-75 (in Russ.).
13. Kibitov A.O. DNA diagnostics of the genetic risk of development of narcological diseases within the framework of medical genetic counseling: the basic principles and experience of the pilot project. Voprosy narkologii, 2012, no. 5, pp. 118-132 (in Russ.).
14. Kibitov A.O., Voskoboeva E.Yu., Brodyanskiy V.M. et al. Influence of the factor of familial burden of alcoholism and the magnitude of its density on the age, dynamic and qualitative parameters of the dependence on alcohol: the experience of systemic research. Narkologiya, 2010, no. 1, pp. 59-70 (in Russ.).