V.N. OSLOPOV¹, E.V. KHAZOVA¹, Yu.V. OSLOPOVA², O.V. BULASHOVA¹, S.S. KRIVONOSOVA³, N.F. MARDANOVA³, A.L. KHANAFIEVA¹, D.V. OSLOPOVA¹

¹Kazan State Medical University, Kazan

²Kazan (Volga) Federal University, Kazan

³City Hospital №11, Kazan

  Contact details:

Khazova E.V. ― PhD (medicine), Associate Professor of the Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases named after Professor S.S. Zimnitsky

Address: 49 Butlerov Str., Kazan, Russian Federation, 420012, e-mail: hazova_elena@mail.ru

The article describes a disease that was relatively recently (1990) first described by Japanese scientists H. Sato et al. The syndrome got its name due to the similarity of the shape of the modified heart with the device for catching octopuses («takotsubo»), shaped as a jug with a narrow neck and a wide bottom. Due to the change in the left ventricle, heart takes the shape of «takotsubo». Also, the disease is called «a broken heart syndrome» because of the characteristic acute onset associated with a stressful state of the body and an increased content of catecholamines in blood. It is also called non-ischemic cardiomyopathy due to the absence of changes in the coronary arteries. It is more common in elderly women; it affects the apex of the left ventricle with akinesis against the background of hyperkinesis of other myocardial areas. It is clinically most often manifested by pain behind the sternum, dyspnea, edema, and ECG changes in the form of elevation or depression of the ST segment and T-wave inversion (reminiscent of a picture of myocardial infarction). There are several variations in the development of this disease, with relatively different clinical manifestations and different heart shapes. The pathophysiology of this disease is still unclear, but the key role is played by catecholamines, whose serum level rises sharply during stress, and estrogen deficiency, as the latter has a cardioprotective effect under an excess of catecholamines. The article describes a clinical case of «takotsubo» syndrome, which was diagnosed in real clinical practice in a conventional therapeutic hospital.

Key words: stress-induced non-ischemic cardiomyopathy («takotsubo» syndrome), «a broken heart syndrome».

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