Some aspects of the pathogenesis of pubertal obesity
A.F. VERBOVOY, Yu.A. DOLGIKH, E.V. MITROSHINA
Samara State Medical University, 89 Chapaevskaya St., Samara, Russian Federation, 4439099
Verbovoy A.F. — D. Med. Sc., Professor, Head of the Department of Endocrinology, tel. +7-902-379-47-86, e-mail: diacenter@sama.ru
Dolgikh Yu.A. — Cand. Med. Sc., Assistant Lecturer of the Department of Endocrinology, tel. +7-927-716-54-37, e-mail: yulyadoll@mail.ru
Mitroshina E.V. — Cand. Med. Sc., Assistant Lecturer of the Department of Endocrinology, tel. +7-905-303-02-70, e-mail: mitro_31@mail.ru
Obesity is a topical problem of modern medicine. Currently, there is a sharp increase in the frequency of obesity. The increase in the number of obese patients is observed not only in adults but also in children and adolescents. Obesity, which arose at a young age, is a predisposing factor for the development of the disease in adults. The pathogenesis of pubertal obesity currently is not fully understood. The article discusses some aspects of the pathogenesis of pubertal obesity. It focuses on adipose tissue hormones — leptin, resistin and ghrelin.
Key words: obesity, leptin, resistin, ghrelin, insulin resistance.
REFERENCES
1. Biryukova E.V. Molekulyarno-geneticheskie, gormonal’no-metabolicheskie i klinicheskie aspekty metabolicheskogo sindroma: avtoref. dis. … d-ra med. nauk [Molecular genetic, hormonal and metabolic and clinical aspects of the metabolic syndrome. Synopsis of dis. Dr med. Sci.]. Moscow, 2009. 48 p.
2. Potemkin V.V. Endokrinologiya: Uchebnik [Endocrinology: Textbook]. Moscow: Meditsina, 1999. 640 p.
3. Poluboyarinova I.V. Antropometricheskie, metabolicheskie i gormonal’nye osobennosti techeniya ozhireniya, debyutirovavshego v detskom, podrostkovom i reproduktivnom periodakh: avtoref. dis. … kand. med. nauk [Anthropometric, metabolic and hormonal features of the flow of obesity with onset in childhood, adolescence and reproductive period. Synopsis of dis. PhD med. Sci.]. Moscow, 2008. 24 p.
4. Dedov I.I., Mel’nichenko G.A., Butrova S.A. et al. Obesity in adolescence. Results of an epidemiological study Russian. Terapevticheskiy arkhiv, 2007, no. 10, p. 28 (in Russ.).
5. Berge J.M., Jin S.W., Hannan P. et al. Structural and Interpersonal Characteristics of Family Meals: Associations with Adolescent Body Mass Index and Dietary Patterns. J. Acad. Nutr. Diet., 2013, vol. 5, pp. 2212-2672.
6. Dedov I.I. Ozhirenie: etiologiya, patogenez, klinicheskie aspekty [Obesity: etiology, pathogenesis, clinical aspects]. Moscow: MIA, 2006. 465 p.
7. Bulgakova S.V. Nekotorye storony patogeneza razlichnykh form ozhireniya: avtoref. dis. … kand. med. nauk [Some aspects of the pathogenesis of various forms of obesity. Synopsis of dis. PhD med. Sci.]. Samara, 2000. 24 p.
8. Vasyukova O.V., Vitebskaya A.V. Insulin resistance in obesity in children: evaluation controversial. Problemy endokrinologii, 2009, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 8-12 (in Russ.).
9. Tersnakovec A.M., Kuppler K.M., Zemel B.S. et al. Body composition and metabolic factors in obese children and adolescents. Int. J. Obesity, 2003, vol. 27, no. 1, pp.19-24.
10. Després J.P., Lemieux I., Bergeron J. et al. Abdominal obesity and the metabolic syndrome: contribution to global cardiometabolic risk. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol., 2008, vol. 28, pp. 1039-1049.
11. Shvarts V. Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Problemy endokrinologii, 2009, no. 1, pp. 38-39 (in Russ.).
12. Anete A.S., Shi Z.Q., Yuan C.-S. Leptin, gut and food intake. Biochem. Pharmacol., 2002, vol. 63, no. 9, pp. 1579-1583.
13. Tereshchenko I.V. Leptin and its role in the body. Problemy endokrinologii, 2001, no. 4. pp. 42-44 (in Russ.).
14. Zaychik A.Sh., Churilov L.P. Osnovy obshchey patologii. T. II: Osnovy patokhimii. Izd. 2-e [Basics of general pathology. T. II: Fundamentals patohimii. Ed. 2nd]. Saint Petersburg: ELBI-SPb, 2001. 688 p.
15. Magni P., Liuzzi A., Ruscica M. et al. Free and bound plasma leptin in normal weight and obese men and women: Relationship with body composition, resting energy expenditure, insulin-sensitivity, lipid profile and macronutrient preference. Clin. Endocrinol., 2005, vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 189-196.
16. Minyaylova N.N., Sundukova E.L., Rovda Yu.I. Hyperleptinemia and its clinical and metabolic association with insulin resistance syndrome in children and adolescents. Pediatriya. Zhurnal imeni G.N. Speranskogo, 2009, vol. 88, no. 6, pp. 6-13 (in Russ.).
17. Huang K.-C., Lin R.C.Y., Kormas N. et al. Plasma leptin in associated with insulin resistance independent of age, body mass index, fat mass, lipids and pubertal development in nondiabetic adolescents . Int. J. Obesity, 2004, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 470-475.
18. Verbovoy A.F., Fomina I.A. Hormonal and metabolic parameters and leptin in obese youth, manifest at puberty. Farmateka, 2010, no. 16, pp. 68-70 (in Russ.).
19. Verbovoy A.F., Dolgikh Yu.A. Hormonal and metabolic parameters in obese young men, manifest at puberty. Farmateka, 2011, no. 16, pp. 92-94 (in Russ.).
20. Verbovoy A.F., Dolgikh Yu.A., Mitroshina E.V. Adipokines, insulin resistance and activity of the sympathetic-adrenal system in boys with obesity manifest at puberty. Ozhirenie i metabolism, 2012, no. 2, pp. 49-52 (in Russ.).
21. Myers M.G., Heymsfield S.B., Haft C. et al. Defining Clinical Leptin Resistance – Challenges and Opportunities. Cell Metab., 2012, vol. 15 (2), pp. 150-156.
22. Kempf A.M., Strother M.L., Li S. et al. Leptin as a marker of body fat and hiperinsulinemia in college students. J. Am. Coll. Health., 2006, vol. 55. (3), pp. 175-180.
23. Caro J.F., Kolaczynski W., Nyce M.R. et al. Decreased cerebrospinal – fluid / serum leptin ratio in obesity: a possible mechanism for leptin resistance. Lancet, 1996, vol. 348, pp. 159-161.
24. Persson-Sjogren S., Elmi A, Lindstrom R. Effects of leptin, acetylcholine and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on insulin secretion in isolated ob/ob mouse pancreatic islets. Acta diabetol., 2004, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 104-112.
25. Segal K.R., Landt M., Klein S. Relationship between insulin sensitivity and plasma leptin concentration in lean and obese men. Diabetes, 1996, vol. 45, no. 7, rr. 988-991.
26. Dua A., Hennes M.I., Hoffman R.G. et al. Leptin: a significant indicator of total body fat but not of visceral fat and insulin insensitivity in African-American women. Diabetes. 1996, vol. 45, no. 11, rr. 1635-1637.
27. Steppan C.M., Bailey S.T., Bhat S. et al. The hormone resistin links obesity to diabetes. Nature, 2001, vol. 409, pp. 307-312.
28. Galic S., Oakhill J.S., Steinberg G. R. Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Mol Cell Endocrinol., 2010, vol. 316, pp. 129-139.
29. Beckers S. et al. Analysis of genetic variations in the resistin gene shows no associations with obesity in women. Obesity, 2008, vol. 16, pp. 905-907.
30. Mayorov A.Yu. Sostoyanie insulinorezistentnosti v evolyutsii sakharnogo diabeta 2-go tipa: avtoref. dis. … d-ra med. nauk [Insulin resistance in the evolution of Type 2 diabetes. Synopsis of dis. Dr med. Sci.]. Moscow, 2009. 22 p.
31. Hasegawa G., Ohta M., Ichida Y. et al. Increased serum resistin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes are not linked with markers of insulin resistance and adiposity. Acta diabetol., 2005, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 104-109.
32. Osawa H., Makino N. et al. Plasma resistin, associated with single nucleotide polymorphism-420, is correlated with insulin resistance, lower HDL cholesterol, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in the Japanese general population. Diabetes Care, 2007, vol. 30, pp. 1501-1506.
33. Hivert M.F., Meigs J.B. et al. Associations of adiponectin, resistin, and TNF (alpha) with insulin resistance. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 2008, vol. 93 (8), pp. 3165-3172.
34. Xu Jian Yu, Sham Pak C., Xu Aimin et al. Resistin gene polymorphisms and progression of glucaemia in sousern Chinese: A 5-year prospective study. Clin. Endocrinol., 2007, vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 211-217.
35. Cherneva R.V., Georgiev O.B., Petrova D.S. et al. Resistin – the link between adipose tissue dysfunction and insulin resistance in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. J. Diabetes Metab. Disord., 2013, vol. 12 (1), p. 5.
36. Klebanova E.M. Rol’ gormonov zhirovoy tkani v patogeneze insulinovoy rezistentnosti pri sakharnom diabete tipa 2 i puti ee korrektsii: avtoref. dis. … d-ra med. nauk [The role of hormones adipose tissue in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its correction. Synopsis of dis. PhD med. Sci.]. Moscow, 2008. 30 p.
37. Butrova S.A., Ershova E.V., Il’in A.V. Adipocytokines: resistin and tumor necrosis factor-α in men with abdominal obesity. Ozhirenie i metabolism, 2007, vol. 4, pp. 30-33 (in Russ.).
38. Li M., Fisette A., Zhao X.Y. Serum resistin correlates with central obesity but weakly insulin resistance in Chinese children and adolescents. Int. J. Obes. (Lond.), 2009, vol. 33 (4), pp. 424-439.
39. Reshetova O.N. Grelin i gormonal’no-metabolicheskie pokazateli u yunoshey s pubertatno-yunosheskim dispituitarizmom: avtoref. dis. … kand. med. nauk [Ghrelin and hormonal and metabolic parameters in boys with pubertal and youth dispituitarism. Synopsis of dis. PhD med. Sci.]. Samara, 2009. 21 p.
40. Verbovoy A.F., Reshetova O.N. Ghrelin and hormonal and metabolic parameters in obese boys and overweight. Problemy endokrinologii, 2009, no. 2, pp. 23-26 (in Russ.).