M.K. ISCHACOVA¹, N.I. PENKINA¹, M.A. IVANOVA²

¹Izhevsk State Medical Academy, Izhevsk

²Russian Research Institute of Health, Moscow

Contact details:

Penkina N.I. — MD, Professor, Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology

Address: 281 Kommunarov St., 426034 Izhevsk, Russian Federation, tel.: +7 (3412) 65-81-67, e-mail: nad.penkina@yandex.ru

 Social-hygienic and medical-biological factors are significant in the formation of an adequate immune response to infectious diseases in children of the first three years of life.

The purpose was to study the medical-biological and socio-hygienic factors in children of the first three years of life who had had COVID-19 coronavirus infection.

Material and methods. To study socio-hygienic factors, a survey was conducted among mothers of children under three years of age who had had COVID-19. The study included 464 children diagnosed with COVID-19, of whom 314 were treated as inpatients and 150 were treated as outpatients. To study medical and biological factors, the course of pregnancy, childbirth, and maternal and child illnesses were analyzed using inpatient medical records or child medical records at a children’s clinic. Statistical data were processed using an online calculator at https://medstatistic.ru/calculators.html

Results. Outpatient treatment of children under three years of age with COVID-19 was predominantly among mothers aged 20–25 years who were committed to a healthy lifestyle. Inpatient treatment was predominantly among mothers aged 31–40 years, who had unhealthy habits, high rates of complicated pregnancy and childbirth, and chronic diseases. All newborns with COVID-19 were treated in hospitals. Infants and young children with mild cases were treated as outpatients, while those with moderate and severe course were treated in hospitals. Comorbidities were identified in all children under three years of age who had moderate to severe COVID-19.

Conclusions. Treatment of children under three years of age with COVID-19 was conducted in hospitals and children’s clinics, depending on the disease severity. Severe and moderate cases of COVID-19 were more common in children with a burdened social, health, and medical history.

Key words: COVID-19, children under three years of age, social and hygienic factors, medical and biological factors.

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