E.P. CHERNOVOLENKO, A.E. BARULIN

 Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd

Contact details:

Chernovolenko E.P. — Assistant Lecture of the Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics

Address: 1 Pavshikh Bortsov Square, 400066 Volgograd, Russian Federation, e-mail: chernovolenkoe87@mail.ru

Respiratory disorders (RD) is a premotor symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD), manifested by functional restrictive disturbances in respiratory biomechanics. Sensorimotor respiratory control (SRC), a biofeedback-based method, was used to correct RD.

The purpose — to evaluate the effectiveness of the SRC method in the complex correction of respiratory, autonomic and asthenic disorders in patients with early manifestations of PD in comparison with traditional breathing exercises (BE).

Material and methods. The study involved two groups of patients with PD stages 1–2 according to Hoehn — Yahr, having motor symptoms, RD, and asthenia: group 1 (SRC) (n = 37) received a course of respiratory pattern correction using the SRC method; group 2 (BE) (n = 39) received a course of BE correction. After the correction course and 4 weeks later, the following parameters were assessed: respiratory pattern (according to the Original questionnaire for the identification of RD in PD and respiratory cycle parameters), vegetative status (according to cardiointervalography data), saturation, asthenia severity (according to the MFI-20 scale), and quality of life (according to the PDQ-39 scale). MRI of the brain, CT scan of the chest organs, and pulmonary function test were performed to exclude secondary Parkinsonism and respiratory failure of organic origin.

Results. At baseline, patients in the SRC and BE groups had high scores on the diagnostic questions of the Original questionnaire, bradypnea and a restrictive breathing pattern (inspiratory to expiratory ratio of 1:1.1), low chest expansion, resting tachycardia, reduced heart rate variability (HRV), and signs of asthenia. After the course of treatment, the SRC group showed a more significant reduction in respiratory complaints, the development of normopneic breathing, increased chest expansion, HRV, and stress index, a decrease in asthenia, and improved quality of life compared to the BE group. These treatment results were maintained 4 weeks after treatment. Saturation levels remained normal at all stages of the study.

Conclusion. SRC is an effective method for correcting breathing patterns, autonomic disorders, and reduces asthenia in the early stages of Parkinson’s disease.

Key words: Parkinson’s disease, respiratory biomechanics, respiratory pattern, heart rate variability, sensorimotor control of breathing, biofeedback.

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