T.E. KURMANBAEV

 Maternity hospital No. 13, Saint Petersburg

 Contact details:

Kurmanbaev T.E. — PhD (Medicine), obstetrician-gynecologist

Address: 4 Kostromskaya St., 191124 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, tel.: +7 (812) 271-01-90, e-mail: timka_rus@inbox.ru

Preeclampsia, especially its severe forms, remains one of the leading causes of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The existing prediction and prevention algorithms help to reduce early forms, but do not affect the development of late forms, as well as severe preeclampsia, which significantly increases the risk of complications of pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period for the mother, fetus and newborn.

The purpose — to assess the possibility of predicting severe preeclampsia in the presence of potential risk factors during gestation.

Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the birth histories of patients whose pregnancy was complicated by preeclampsia of varying severity was carried out based on the archive materials of the St. Petersburg State Healthcare Institution «Maternity Hospital No. 13» for 2019–2023.

Results. The incidence of preeclampsia slightly decreased in dynamics over the period from 2019 to 2023 by 1.1 times; the incidence of severe forms of preeclampsia does not tend to decrease and is approximately 1.1% of the total number of births. Significant risk factors in the development of severe forms of preeclampsia are repeated births, obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus, and urinary tract infection.

Conclusion. The presence of risk factors such as birth parity, obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus, and urinary tract infection are significant risk factors for the development of severe preeclampsia.

Key words: preeclampsia, risk factors, prognosis, complications.

REFERENCES

1. Hogan M.C., Foreman K.J., Naghavi M. et al. Maternal mortality for 181 countries, 1980-2008: a systematic analysis of progress towards Millennium Development Goal 5. Lancet, 2010, vol. 375, pp. 1609–1623. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60518-1
2. Zdravookhranenie v Rossii. 2023: Stat. sb. Rosstat [Healthcare in Russia. 2023: Stat. collection. Rosstat]. Moscow, 2023. 179 p.
3. Preeklampsiya. Eklampsiya. Oteki, proteinuriya i gipertenzivnye rasstroystva vo vremya beremennosti, v rodakh i poslerodovom periode. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii [Preeclampsia. Eclampsia. Edema, proteinuria and hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. Clinical guidelines]. Moscow, 2021. 79 p.
4. Rana S., Lemoine E., Granger J.P. et al. Preeclampsia: pathophysiology, challenges, and perspectives. Circ. Res., 2019, vol. 124 (7), rr. 1094–1112. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.313276
5. Jung E., Romero R., Yeo L., et al. The etiology of preeclampsia. Am. J. Obstet. Gnecol, 2022, vol. 226 (2), rr. S844–S866. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.11.1356
6. Roberts J.M., Rich-Edwards J.W., McElrath T.F. et al. Subtypes of preeclampsia: recognition and determining clinical usefulness. Hypertension, 2021, vol. 77 (5), rr. 1430–1441. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.14781
7. Panchuk Yu. P., Yaroslavtsev M. Yu., Polonnikova A. A. et al. Peripartum cardiomyopathy: literature review and description of a clinical case. Vestnik meditsinskogo instituta “Reaviz”: reabilitatsiya, vrach i zdorov’e, 2024, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 89–95 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.20340/vmi-rvz.2024.3.CASE.2
8. Turbeville H.R., Sasser J.M. Preeclampsia beyond pregnancy: long-term consequences for mother and child. Am. J. Phys.-Renal Physiol, 2020, vol. 318 (6), rr. F1315–F1326. DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00071.2020
9. Crispi F., Miranda J., Gratacós E. Long-term cardiovascular consequences of fetal growth restriction: biology, clinical implications, and opportunities for prevention of adult disease. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol, 2018, vol. 218 (2), rr. S869–S879. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.12.012
10. Miller S.L., Huppi P.S., Mallard C. The consequences of fetal growth restriction on brain structure and neurodevelopmental outcome. J. Physiol, 2016, vol. 594 (4), rr. 807–823. DOI: 10.1113/JP271402
11. Chaemsaithong P., Sahota D.S., Poon L.C. First trimester preeclampsia screening and prediction. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol, 2022, vol. 226 (2), rr. S1071–S1097. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.07.020
12. Roberge S., Bujold E., Nicolaides K.H. Aspirin for the prevention of preterm and term preeclampsia: systematic review and metaanalysis. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol, 2018, vol. 218 (3), rr. 287–293. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.11.561
13. Rolnik D.L., Wright D., Poon L.C. et al. Aspirin versus placebo in pregnancies at high risk for preterm preeclampsia. New Eng. J. Med, 2017, vol. 377 (7), rr. 613–622. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1704559
14. Sidorova I.S., Nikitina N.A. Critical forms of preeclampsia. Rossiyskiy vestnik akushera-ginekologa, 2017, vol. 17, no. 6, p. 48 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.17116/rosakush20171764-8
15. Makatsariya A.D., Akinshina S.V., Bitsadze V.O. et al. Severe obstetric complications as a manifestation of thrombotic microangiopathy. Zhurnal akusherstva i zhenskikh bolezney, 2015, vol. 64, no. 5, pp. 6–15 (in Russ.).