V.A. POZDNYAK, S.V. KHALIULLINA, V.A. ANOKHIN

 ¹Kazan State Medical University, Kazan

 Contact details:

Pozdnyak V.A. — post-graduate student at the Department of Childhood Infections, Assistant Lecturer of the Department of Childhood Infections

Address: 49 Butlerov St., Kazan, Russian Federation, 420012, tel.: +7-917-240-69-26, e-mail: valera.pozdnyak1996@gmail.com

The review presents the current state of the problem of acute intestinal infections (AII), the historical background of the role of intestinal infections in human life in the pre-scientific era, the main stages of understanding the causes and mechanisms of diarrheal syndrome at various historical periods. The characteristic is given of the relevance of widespread acute intestinal infections of unknown etiology at the turn of the 19^th–20^th centuries. The milestones of virology foundation and dynamic development are highlighted, as well as the history of the discovery and study of the most relevant viruses that cause acute intestinal infections up to the present day – rotaviruses, noroviruses, adenoviruses, coronaviruses. This article presents evolution stages of infectious diarrhea management from the 19^th century to the present. In the 20^th century, therapeutic strategy for acute intestinal infections was generally improved, major fundamental studies made it possible to understand the pathogenetic features of the intestinal syndrome and electrolyte disorders during diarrhea, which allowed physicians to proclaim the principles of adequate oral and parenteral rehydration and in some cases to develop effective specific prevention.

Key words: infectious diarrhea, acute intestinal infections, history, viral infections.

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