A.U. SABITOV¹, A.V. MARAKULINA²

 ¹Urals State Medical University, Yekaterinburg

²Children’s Municipal Clinical Hospital № 9, Yekaterinburg

 Contact details:

Sabitov A.U. — MD, Professor, Head of the Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Immunology

Address: 189 Volgogradskaya St., building 8, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, 620102, tel.: +7 (343) 214-86-69, e-mail: postdiplom@usma.ru

In order to optimize the monitoring of patients with bronchial asthma and achieve a sufficient level of disease control, a comparative characteristic of 100 preschool patients with different phenotypes was carried out.Аllergic bronchial asthma was characterized by a high level of total IgE (activation degree 3) and positive results of allergy examination to various allergens, the presence of hereditary burden along the lines of one or both parents, mainly a mild course of the disease (in 64,2% of children); the presence of two or more background allergic diseases (80,5%). Additionally, in children with ABA, allergen-induced exacerbations of the disease were observed with a peak in seasonal variations in the spring-summer period (44,7%) and a more pronounced hypersensitivity of the bronchi to bronchodilator compared to children with virus-induced bronchial asthma (VBA). Clinical and anamnestic features of virus bronchial asthma were: uncomplicated family history, smoking of parents, mainly moderate course of asthma with a peak of exacerbations in the autumn-winter period of the year, more pronounced hypersensitivity of the bronchi to physical activity compared to children with аllergic bronchial asthma. The data of our study demonstrate general and specific features in the immunological characteristics of patients.

The specific phenotype determines the management tactics of the patient and the amount of therapy received. Obviously, in the presence of virus-induced exacerbations of bronchial asthma, it is purposeful to complement the bulk of the basic anti-inflammatory therapy with drugs with a wide spectrum of non-specific antiviral activity, in particular, from the group of release-active drugs.

Key words: bronchial asthma, phenotype, immunological features.

 (For citation: Sabitov A.U., Marakulina A.V. Features of different phenotypes of bronchial asthma in preschool children. Practical Medicine. 2019. Vol. 17, № 5, P. 200-205)

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