S.E. MUNASIPOVA^1, 2, Z.A. ZALYALOVA^1, 2, A.A. TEREKHOVA¹

 ¹Kazan State Medical University, Kazan

²Center for Movement Disorders and Botulinum Therapy of the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan

 Contact details:

Munasipova S.E. — PhD (medicine), Assistant Lecturer of the Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, neurologist

Address: 49 Butlerov St., Kazan, Russian Federation, 420012, tel.: +7-960-045-53-01, e-mail: sabina.munasipova@mail.ru

This article discusses the issues of muscular dystonia pathogenesis that are relevant to modern medicine, as well as the possibility of using the pathogenetic concept as a substrate to supplement the classification criteria. Reviewing the international publications on etiopathophysiology, genetics and classification, the article summarizes the main mechanisms for the occurrence of a pathological process at different levels of the nervous system. Despite the frequent clinical similarity of the symptoms of various forms of muscular dystonia, these symptoms may be the result of dysfunction of completely different genetic and neurophysiological mechanisms. The article focuses on the importance of studying the etiological and pathogenetic mechanisms and their further implementation in clinical practice in order to develop more accurate treatment techniques aimed at eliminating the specific causes of the development of specific forms of muscular dystonia.

Key words: muscular dystonia, etiology, pathogenesis, classification, genetics of dystonia.

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