G.Z. GALEEVA^1,2 , S.A. RYZHKIN^2,3, S.Yu. SERGEEVA ²

¹Children’s Republican Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan, 140 Orenburgskiy Trakt, Kazan, Russian Federation, 420138

²Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerov Str., Kazan, Russian Federation, 420012

³Kazan State Medical Academy, 36 Butlerov Str., Kazan, Russian Federation, 420012

Galeeva G.Z. — Cand. of Med. Sc., Doctor of the Opthalmological Unit, Assistant of the Department of Opthalmology, tel. (843) 237-30-19, e-mail: guzel-@list.ru

Ryzhkin S.A. — Cand. of Med. Sc., associate professor of the Department of Common Hygiene with a course of radiation hygiene, associate professor of the Department of X-ray diagnostics, tel. +7-927-440-49-76, e-mail: rsa777@inbox.ru

Sergeeva S.Yu. — post-graduate student of the Department of Common Hygiene with a course of radiation hygiene, tel. +7-927-413-38-98, e-mail: doctor193@yahoo.com

The article presents data on the mechanisms of the damaging effects of ionizing radiation on organs and tissues of a human. The information on absorbed, equivalent and effective radiation doses, on weighting coefficients for different types of ionizing radiation, as well as on coefficients radiosensitivity of organs and tissues of a human is provided. The statistical data on the levels of occupational exposure of medical stuff is present. The article describes the pathogenesis of radiation cataract formation and the clinical picture of radiation cataract. Special attention is paid to the distinctive features typical for classic radiation cataract. It is emphasized that the eye lens of medical workers is one of the critical organs with occupational exposure. The problems of modern ophthalmic research methods necessary for early detection and treatment of radiation cataract are considered.

Key words: ionizing radiation, lens, radiation cataract, medical exposure, dosimetry.

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