A.V. DUBOVAYA¹, G.E. SuKhareva²

¹ Donetsk National Medical University named after M. Gorkiy, 16 Prospekt Ilyicha, Donetsk, Ukraine, 83003

² Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky of Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, 5/7 Lenin Av., Simferopol, Republic of Crimea, Russian Federation, 295006 

Dubovaya A.V. ― Cand. Med. Sc., Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics faculty internships and post-graduate education, tel. +3-809-979-033-56, e-mail: dubovaya_anna@mail.ru

Sukhareva G.E. ― D. Med. Sc., Professor of the Department of Pediatrics with the course of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, tel. +7-978-762-32-10, e-mail: suchareva@mail.ru

The literature review presents data confirming the negative influence of the excess of toxic (barium, lead, cadmium, aluminum), potentially toxic (nickel, strontium, arsenic), deficiency of essential (potassium, magnesium, calcium, manganese, selenium, iron, zinc, vanadium) chemical elements on bioelectric processes in the heart muscle. Thus, in magnesium deficiency caused by exceeding the allowable content of its antagonists — lead, cadmium, nickel, aluminum ― the functioning of K⁺/Na⁺-pumps is disrupted, as well as cardiomyocyte membrane stability, slowing the onset of depolarization phase. Displacement of the calcium ion out of troponin C connection under the influence of its antagonists ― cadmium, lead, strontium, aluminum, and nickel ― leads to polarization and premature onset of diastole phase. Blocking of the K+-channels by barium, cadmium, and strontium results in the lengthening of repolarization phase. The studied mechanisms are underlying heart arrhythmias.

Key words: chemical elements, bioelectric processes, cardiomyocyte, arrhythmia.

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