T.A. SAFRONOVA, S.E. MUKHANOVA, A.E. POKROVSKAYA, T.S. VARGINA, D.P. VOLKOV

 I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow

  Contact details:

Safronova T.A. — Ph. D. (Medicine), Associate Professor of the Department of Faculty Therapy No. 2 of the Sklifosovsky Institute for Emergency Medicine

Address: 8 Trubetskaya St., building 2, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119048, tel.: +7-977-252-34-96, e-mail: safronova_t_a@staff.sechenov.ru

The prevalence of cognitive disorders (CD) is constantly increasing; according to forecasts, by 2050 the number of patients with CD will exceed 130 million people. Mild and moderate cognitive disorders are a precursor for dementia and can develop in young and middle-aged patients. In accordance with modern clinical guidelines, diagnostic algorithms for moderate CD and dementia were developed. Currently, many studies are conducted to create an optimal approach to screening for mild cognitive disorders. The literature review is devoted to the current problem of identifying early changes in cognitive function. Particular attention is paid to vascular CD as a very common form of disorders in patients with arterial hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. Modern diagnostic methods are considered, as well as the most popular questionnaires, their advantages and disadvantages. Early diagnosis of mild CD will allow timely prescription of treatment and will help not only to stop the progression of cognitive dysfunction to dementia, but also to restore the functionality of cerebral structures.

Key words: diagnosis of cognitive disorders, mild cognitive disorders, neuropsychological scales, MoCA scale, arterial hypertension, brain damage in hypertension.

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