T.G. SAKOVETS

Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerov Str., Kazan, Russian Federation, 420012 

Sakovets T.G. ― Cand. Med. Sc., Assistant of the Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, tel. +7-909-307-94-77, e-mail: tsakovets@yandex.ru

Vasculitis is a heterogeneous group of nosology in which pathological and pathogenetic disorders relate to vessels of various calibers of different organ systems, including the peripheral nervous system.

Primary systemic vasculitis is characterized by immune lesions of the vascular wall; the reason for their occurrence is unknown. Secondary vasculitis is accompanied with inflammation of the vessel walls on the background of viral diseases, malignant tumors, diseases of the connective tissue, the impact of various medicinal agents to the body. The classification of vasculitis is based on the antibody profile caliber of the affected vessels involved in the pathological process of various organs. Vasculitic neuropathy occur mainly in primary vasculitis, including polyarteritis nodosa, Wegener’s granulomatosis, Churg ― Strauss syndrome, microscopic polyangiitis. Secondary vasculitis occur in connective tissue diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, as well as HIV, hepatitis C and B and other viral infections, malignancy, sarcoidosis and others. The course of neuropathy in systemic and non-systemic vasculitis may be chronic progressive or relapsing with long periods of remission. It is important to differentiate between non-systemic vasculitic neuropathy of the nerve fibers in patients with systemic vasculitis, as in past cases, the lack of adequate treatment can be fatal. Thus, the existing heterogeneity of etiology and pathogenesis, clinical manifestations of vasculitis neuropathy requires close collaboration between general practitioners, neurologists, rheumatologists for the timely diagnosis of this nosology and select the appropriate treatment strategy.

Key words: primary and secondary vistemnye vasculitis, vasculitis neuropathy, vasculitic neuropathy diagnostic methods.

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