T.N. KHAFINA¹, A.N. MAKSUDOVA¹, G.I. NURULLINA¹, O.YU. FAKHRUTDINOVA², G.M. ISLAMOVA², N.L. MATSAK¹

 ¹Kazan State Medical University, Kazan

²Republic Clinical Hospital, Kazan

 Contact details:

Matsak N.L. — resident doctor of the Department of Hospital Therapy

Address: 49 Butlerov St., 420012 Kazan, Russian Federation, tel.: +7-967-462-68-83, e-mail: nikitamatzak@yandex.ru

The problem of HIV infection remains relevant not only around the world, but also in the Russian Federation. An urgent problem of nephrology is HIV-associated kidney damage, including HIV-associated nephropathy (VAN-AN), immunocomplex HIV-associated kidney disease (HIV-AKD) and thrombotic microangiopathy, chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis (CTIN) on the background of antiretroviral therapy. The article examines a clinical observation of a HIV patient who was taking antiretroviral therapy irregularly. The patient developed a rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis, which led to the formation of stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Key words: human immunodeficiency virus, HIV-associated nephropathy, chronic kidney disease, rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis.

REFERENCES

1. World Health Organization. Global HIV, hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections programmes Geneva 27, 2022, pp. 2–35.
2. Spetsializirovannyy nauchno-issledovatel’skiy otdel po profilaktike i bor’be so SPIDom FBUN Tsentral’nogo NII epidemiologii Rospotrebnadzora [Specialized Research Department for AIDS Prevention and Control, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor], available at: https://files.antispidnn.ru/uploads/docs/spec/vich2023.pdf (accessed on: 30.06.2023).
3. Swanepoel C.R., Atta M.G., D’Agati V.D., Estrella M.M., Fogo A.B., Naicker S., Zeier M. Kidney disease in the setting of HIV infection: conclusions from a kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO) controversies conference. Kidney international, 2018, vol. 93 (3), rr. 545–559.
4. Alebiosu C.O. HIV Associated Nephropathy. West Afr. J. Med, 2021, vol. 23, pp. 300–301.
5. Cohen S.D., Kopp J.B., Cathro H., Kimmel P.L. Human immunodeficiency virus infection and chronic kidney disease. Chronic renal disease. Academic Press, 2020. Rr. 849–861.
6. Kudoze S., Santoriello D., Bombek A.S., Stouks M.B., Batal I., Markovits G.S. et al. Spectrum of kidney biopsy findings in HIV-infected patients in the modern era. Pochki Int, 2020, no. 97, pp. 1006–1016 (in Russ.).
7. Rivera F.B., Ansay M.F.M., Golbin J.M., Alfonso P.G.I., Mangubat G.F.E., Menghrajani R.H.S. et al. HIV-associated nephropathy in 2022. Glomerular Dis, 2022, vol. 24, pp. 1–11.
8. Klotman M. HIV and the Kidney: From HIV-associated nephropathy to reservoir. Am. J. Med. Sci, 2019, vol. 358 (6), rr. 381–383.
9. Al’fano G., Kappelli G., Fontana F., DiLullo L., DiIorio B., Bellazi A. et al. Kidney disease in HIV infection. Dzh. Klin. Med, 2019, no. 8, pp. 2–5 (in Russ.).
10. Friedman D.J., Pollak M.R. APOL1 nephropathy: from genetics to clinical applications. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol, 2021, vol. 16 (2), pp. 294–303. doi: 10.2215/CJN.15161219
11. Melendes Rivera Dzh.G., Khashmi M.F. VICh-nefropatiya [HIV nephropathy]. Stat. Pearls Publishing, 2024. Pp. 2–7.
12. Saraladevi N. HIV/AIDS and chronic kidney disease. Clinical Nephrology, 2020, vol. 93, pp. 1–12.
13. Ponomareva E.Yu., Voloshinova E.V., Makhina V.I., Golubinov F.D. Thrombotic microangiopathy associated with HIV infection. Klinicheskaya nefrologiya, 2019, no. 3, pp. 42-46 (in Russ.).
14. Hall G., Wyatt C.M. Mechanisms of proteinuria in HIV. Front. Med. (Lausanne), 2021, pp. 1–3.