I.S. RAGINOV^1, 2, K.O. ABDIKARIMOV¹, A.V. LASTOCHKINA³, I.N. CHAIRKIN³, A.A. KHASANOV^1, 2, N.A. NIGMATULLINA¹

 ¹Republic Clinical Hospital, Kazan

²Kazan State Medical University, Kazan

³Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow

 Contact details:

Raginov I.S. — MD, Associate Professor of the Department of General Pathology, Chief Researcher

Address: 138 Orenburgskiy trakt, Kazan, 420064, tel.: +7-903-340-18-81, e-mail: raginovi@mail.ru

The COVID-19 pandemic is over, but in light of the potential for new mutations, an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of this pathology development is necessary. Most unpredictably, this viral disease occurred in pregnant women. Therefore, in order to identify potential markers of the new viral disease in pregnant women, we analyzed changes in the causes of stillbirths during the first wave of COVID-19 (during which there were no previously ill and vaccinated people) in pregnant women without detected pathology (including COVID-19). The analysis showed that the number of cases of chronic fetoplacental insufficiency significantly increased by 33% in 2020 compared to 2019, and the number of placentas significantly decreased by 2.2 times. A significant increase in the number of stillbirths as a result of chronic fetoplacental insufficiency and a decrease in cases of placentitis is a marker indicating asymptomatic infection of pregnant women with the new viral infection.

Key words: stillbirth, COVID-19.

REFERENCES

1. Delahoy M.J. et al. Characteristics and Maternal and Birth Outcomes of Hospitalized Pregnant Women with Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 — COVID-NET. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2020, vol. 69 (38), pp. 1347–1354.
2. Zambrano L.D. et al. Update: Characteristics of Symptomatic Women of Reproductive Age with Laboratory-Confirmed SARS-Cov-2 Infection by Pregnancy Status —United States. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2020, vol. 69 (44), pp. 1641–1647.
3. Takemoto M.L. et al. The Tragedy of COVID-19 in Brazil: 124. Maternal Deaths and Counting, 2020, vol. 151 (1), pp. 154–156.
4. Lokken E.M., Taylor G.G., Huebner E.M., et al. Higher severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection rate in pregnant patients. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2021, vol. 225, pp. 1–75.
5. Joseph N.T., Stanhope K.K., Badell M.L., Horton J.P., Boulet S.L., Jamieson D.J. Sociodemographic predictors of SARS-CoV-2 infection in obstetric patients, Georgia, USA. Emerg Infect Dis, 2020, vol. 26, pp. 2787–2789.
6. Vivanti A.J., Vauloup-Fellous C., Prevot S., et al. Transplacental transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Commun, 2020, vol. 11, p. 3572.
7. World Health Organization Definition and categorization of the timing of mother-to-child transmission of SARS-CoV-2 scientific brief, 8 February 2021.
8. Stanton C., Lawn J.E., Rahman H.Z., Wilczynska-Ketende K., Hill K. Stillbirth rates: delivering estimates in 190 countries. Lancet, 2006, vol. 367 (9521), pp. 1487–1494.
9. Lawn J., Shibuya K., Stein C. No cry at birth: global estimates of intrapartum stillbirths and intrapartum-related neonatal deaths. Bull World Health Organ, 2005, vol. 83 (6), pp. 409–417.
10. Goldenberg R.L., McClure E.M., Bann C.M. The relationship of intrapartum and antepartum stillbirth rates to measures of obstetric care in developed and developing countries. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 2007, vol. 86 (11), pp. 1303–1309.
11. Fretts R. Etiology and prevention of stillbirths. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2005, vol. 193, pp. 1923–1935.
12. Kelly J.C., Raghuraman N., Carter E.B., Palanisamy A., Stout M.J. Preprocedural asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 cases in obstetrical and surgical units. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2021, vol. 224, pp. 114–116.
13. Phelan S.T., Goldenberg R.L., Alexander G., Cliver S.P. Perinatal mortality and its relationship to the reporting of low-birthweight infants. Am J Public Health, 1998, vol. 88, pp. 1236–1239.