L.Z. SAFINA

Kazan State Medical Academy – Branch Campus of  RMACPE MH Russia, Kazan

 Contact details:

Safina L.Z. – Ph. D. (medicine), Associate Professor of the Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology

Address: 36 Butlerov St., Kazan, Russian Federation, 420012, tel.: +7-909-309-07-53, e-mail: [email protected]

 The purpose of the review is to draw attention to the need to further develop success in immunization and to eliminate gaps to achieve complete immunization of schoolchildren and adolescents.

Methods. National immunization programmes for children and adolescents are listed by the number of preventable diseases in the European region of WHO. Experience in immunization programmes against diseases associated with papilloma virus and cervical cancer in 2008–2012 is described. The WHO position against whooping cough vaccination of adolescents and adults is presented.

Results. With economic development, vaccination among adolescents using more advanced vaccines (HPV, AaKDS ΜV) expands. At present, HPV is not yet included in the national calendar of preventive vaccination, but there are prerequisites for inclusion, due to the clinical burden of the disease and WHO recommendations. For several years, the medical community has been discussing the need to additionally vaccinate against whooping cough at the ages of 6–7 and 14 y. o. numerous clinical research show that postvaccinal immunity decreases on average during 5–8 years and by the early school age susceptibility to infection returns. This is why children of 7–14 y. o. are leading in the structure of morbidity and are one of the main sources of infection in children of the first year of age.

Conclusion. Although the main focus of attention of most immunization programs are children of early age, accent is more and more shifted towards adolescents and young adults with risky behavior. The best way to decrease the vaccine-governed diseases is to create a population with high immunity. Universal immunization is an important part of preserving health. This aim is achieved by routine or intense vaccination program. Standard vaccination programs should be obligatory for both state and private doctors. It is time to reconsider the strategy of vaccination in the second decade of the 21^st century.

Key words: vaccination, schoolchildren, papilloma virus infection, adolescent girls.

(For citation: Safina L.Z. Unsolved issues of vaccination of schoolchildren and adolescents. Practical Medicine. 2019, Vol. 17, № 5, P. 22-30)

REFERENCES

1. CDC. US vaccination schedule [accessed on: 2017 Jun 13], available at: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/easy-to-read/child.html
2. European center for Disease Prevention and Control. Vaccine Schedule, 2017.
3. Xiao Y, Daniell H. Long-term evaluation of mucosal and systemic immunity and protection conferred by different polio booster vaccines. Vaccine, 2017.
4. Fedoseenko M.V., Galitskaya M.G., Gayvoronskaya A.G. AAS. The safety of the use of the acellular pertussis vaccine in children older than 4 years. Meditsinskiy vestnik Severnogo Kavkaza, 2010, vol. 3, pp. 69–70 (in Russ.).
5. Fedele G.S.P. Pertussis in infants and the resurgence of a vaccine preventable disease: what to do? Commentary. Ann Ist Super Sanita, 2017.
6. Klein N.P., Bartlett J., Fireman B., Aukes L., Buck P.O., Krishnarajah G.B.R. Waning protection following 5 doses of a 3-component diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine. Vaccine, 2017.
7. World Health Organization. Summary of WHO Position Papers – Recommendations for Routine Immunization, 2017, available at: http://www.who.int/immunization/policy/Immunization_routine_ table1.pdf?ua=1
8. Van Krog G., Leysi D., Gross G. European course on diseases associated with HPV: recommendations for general practitioners in the diagnosis and treatment of anogenital warts. ZPPP, 2001, no. 1, pp. 5–12 (in Russ.).
9. Ershov F.I., Kiselev O.I. Interferony i ikh induktory (ot molekul do lekarstv) [Interferons and their inducers (from molecules to drugs)]. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2005. P. 368.
10. Kiselev V.I. Virusy papillomy cheloveka v razvitii raka sheyki matki [Human papillomaviruses in the development of cervical cancer]. Moscow: Dimitreyd Grafik Grupp, 2004. P. 180.
11. Kiselev V.I., Kiselev O.I. Virusy papillomy cheloveka v razvitii raka sheyki matki [Human papillomaviruses in the development of cervical cancer]. Saint Petersburg, Moscow: Roza mira, 2003. P. 23.
12. Minkina G.N. Vaccination for cervical cancer and other diseases associated with human papillomavirus infection. Epidemiologiya i vaktsinoprofilaktika, 2007, no. 6, pp. 47–51 (in Russ.).
13. Rogovskaya S.I. Vaccines against human papillomavirus: new possibilities for the prevention of cervical cancer. Ginekologiya, 2007, no. 9, pp. 15–20 (in Russ.).
14. Rogovskaya S.I. Papillomavirusnaya infektsiya u zhenshchin i patologiya sheyki matki [Papillomavirus infection in women and pathology of the cervix]. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2005. P. 22.
15. Kostin A.A., Starinskiy V.V., Samsonov Yu.I., Asratov A.T. Analysis of statistical data on malignant neoplasms associated with the human papillomavirus: research and practice in medicine. Nauchno-prakticheskiy zhurnal, 2016, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 66–78 (in Russ.).
16. Human Papillomavirus Vaccines: WHO Position Paper, October 2014. Ezhenedel’nyy epidemiologicheskiy byulleten’, 24.10.2014, no. 43, 2014, no. 89, pp. 465–492 (in Russ.), available at: http://www.who.int/wer
17. Statistika zdorov’ya naseleniya i zdravookhraneniya (po materialam Respubliki Tatarstan za 2011–2015 gg.): uchebno-metodicheskoe posobie [Statistics of population health and healthcare (based on materials from the Republic of Tatarstan for 2011–2015): a training manual]. MZ RT, GAUZ “Respublikanskiy meditsinskiy informatsionno-analiticheskiy tsentr”, GBOU VPO “Kazanskiy gosudarstvennyy meditsinskiy universitet” MZ RF, GBOU DPO “Kazanskaya gosudarstvennaya meditsinskaya akademiya” MZ RF. Kazan, 2016.
18. Markowitz L.E., Tsu V., Deeks S.L. Human papillomavirus vaccine introduction – the first five years. Vaccine, 2012, vol. 30, pp. F139–48.
19. Krasnopol’skiy V.I., Logutova L.S., Zarochentseva N.V., Belaya Yu.M., Tamazyan G.V. et al. Results of vaccine prophylaxis of HPV-associated diseases and cervical cancer in the Moscow region. Rossiyskiy vestnik akushera-ginekologa, 2015, vol. 15, no. 3 (in Russ.).
20. Pediatrics /March 2018, VOLUME 141/ISSUE 3/From the American Academy of Pediatrics Policy Statement “Recommended Childhood and Adolescent Immunization Schedules: United States, 2018”.

Авторы данной статьи подтвердили отсутствие финансовой или какой-либо другой поддержки / конфликта интересов, о которых необходимо сообщить.

The authors of this article confirmed the lack of financial support / conflict of interest, which should be reported.