M.D. TUZLUKOVA

St. Petersburg Research Institute of Physical Culture, 56 Ligovsky Pr., let. Е, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation, 191040

Tuzlukova M.D. — Junior Researcher, postgraduate student, tel. +7-921-388-91-78, e-mail: tuzlukovamd@gmail.ru

The article is devoted to the study of the characteristics of psychophysiological adaptation of paralympic athletes with lesions of the visual analyzer to the sports activities in comparison with the olympians in ski sports. Was studied of psychological status and heart rate variability before and after the race at the paralympic athletes with visual impairment in comparison with the olympians in the collection. It is shown that the adaptation of blind athletes to the conditions sports activities takes place with a higher tension of regulatory systems, both physiological and psychological in the background of the original low functional reserve capacity of the organism in comparison with the olympians. This is partly compensated for by the high motivation of the blind and visually impaired athletes to sports activities, thereby increasing overall sports reserve. Is proposed methodology for the training of compensatory mechanisms paralympic athletes with lesions of the visual analyzer. The study heart rate variability and psychological testing can be used as a tool for monitoring the effectiveness of the methods and individualization of training of the blind and visually impaired athletes.

Key words: sports blind, compensatory mechanisms, physiological reserves, paralympians.

REFERENCES

1. http://www.tulapressa.ru/2013/06/medvedev-postavil-v-aleksine-zadachi-po-razvitiyu-paralimpijskix-vidov-sporta/ (accessed: 29.01.2014)
2. Tolmachev R.A. Pathology of the organ of vision and loads of choice for the blind and visually impaired in the classroom adaptive sports. Adaptivnaya fizicheskaya kul’tura, 2006, no. 3, pp. 28-31 (in Russ.).
3. Lubovskiy V.I., Rozanova T.V., Solntseva L.I. et al. Spetsial’naya psikhologiya. Ucheb. posobie dlya stud. vyssh. ped. ucheb. zavedeniy [Special psychology. Proc. benefits for students. Executive. ped. Proc. institutions.]. Moscow: Akademiya, 2005. 464 p.
4. Litvak A.G. Psikhologiya slepykh i slabovidyashchikh [Psychology of the Blind and Visually Impaired]. Moscow: KARO, 2006. 336 p.
5. Makhov A.S. Evaluating the effectiveness of formation of motivation for physical exercise and sports for people with disabilities. Vestnik sportivnoy nauki, 2012, no. 3, pp. 52-56 (in Russ.).
6. Gavrilova E.A., Gavrilova M.D. The problem of compensation for defects in the sport. Adaptivnaya fizicheskaya kul’tura, 2013, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 30-32 (in Russ.).
7. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Heart rate variability. Standarts of Measurement. Physiological interpretation and clinical use. Circulation, 1996, vol. 93, pp. 1043-1065.
8. Gavrilova E.A., Churganov O.A. Prediction of aerobic abilities of skiers qualified according to the variation pulsometry. Vestnik sportivnoy nauki, 2012, no. 4, pp. 3-6 (in Russ.).
9. Zakharova A.A., Makharova N.V., Pinigina I.A. et al. Heart rate variability as an indicator of adaptation possibilities of cardiovascular system at children involved in sports. Byulleten’ Vostochno-Sibirskogo nauchnogo tsentra SO RAMN, 2003, no. 3, pp. 83-84 (in Russ.).
10. Dupuy O., Bherer L., Audiffren M. et al. Night and postexercise cardiac autonomic control in functional overreaching. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab., 2013, vol. 38, no. 2, rr. 200-208.
11. Kuznetsova I.A., Kudinova S.I. Vegetativnaya regulyatsiya serdechnogo ritma i uspeshnost’ sorevnovatel’noy deyatel’nosti stayerov. Variabel’nost’ serdechnogo ritma: teor. aspekty i prakt. prim-e. [Vegetative regulation of heart rate and success of competitive activity stayers. Heart rate variability: the theoretical and practical aspects]. Tezisy dokladov IV vserossiyskogo simpoziuma s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem, 19-21 noyabrya 2008 g. Izhevsk, 2008. Pp. 164-167.
12. Sztajzel J., Jung M., Sievert K. Cardiac autonomic profile in different sports disciplines during all-day activity. J. Sports. Med. Phys. Fitness, 2008, vol. 48, no. 4, rr. 495-501.
13. Morales J., Alamo J.M., García-Massó X. et al. The use of heart rate variability in monitoring stress and recovery in judo athletes. J Strength Cond Res., 2011, vol. 11, r. 22