Yu.A. STEPANOVA¹, V.I. SEMINA²

¹A.V. Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery, Moscow,

²Mordovian Republican Central Clinical Hospital, Saransk

 Contact:

Semina V.I. ― sonologist of Prenatal Centre Genetic Counseling

Address: 18 Pobedy Str., 430013, Saransk, Russian Federation, tel. +7-926-893-43-65, e-mail: vika_smily@mail.ru

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a common complication of pregnancy and, in severe cases, is associated with high frequency of perinatal mortality, neonatal morbidity and poor neurodevelopmental outcomes in children. The leading cause of FGR is placental insufficiency, in which the placenta is not able to adequately satisfy the growing fetus oxygen and nutrient requirements during pregnancy. In conditions of reduced placental perfusion, chronic hypoxia induces a decrease in fetal growth, and a redistribution of blood flow preferentially to the brain. However, this intrauterine adaptation cannot fully compensate for the negative influence of hypoxia. Early detection of brain injuries in FGR is a relevant problem allowing for the prediction of adverse prenatal outcomes and optimization of pregnancy management. Today, the Doppler examination is an important tool for evaluation of normal and complicated pregnancies allowing appropriate characterization of the fetal status, detection and investigation of the fetal protective mechanisms or decompensation.

Key words: intrauterine fetal growth restriction (IUGR), brain sparing effect, fetal cerebral Doppler velocimetry; cerebrovascular circulation; fetal cerebral circulation; fetal cerebral arteries.

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