N.V. SKRIPCHENKO¹^, ², L.A. ALEKSEEVA¹, G.F. ZHELEZNIKOVA¹, A.A. VILNITZ¹^, ², E.YU. SKRIPCHENKO¹^, ², T.V. BESSONOVA¹, A.A. ZHIRKOV¹

 ¹Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, St. Petersburg

²Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg

Contact details:

Skripchenko N.V. — Honored Researcher of the Russian Federation, MD, Professor, Deputy Director on research work, Head of the Department of Infectious Diseases in children

Address: 9 Prof popov St., St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197022, tel.: +7 (812) 234-19-01, e-mail: snv@niidi.ru

The article, which is a review of the Russian and foreign literature on the problem of immunopathogenesis of the new coronovirus infection, reflects the comparative aspects of the adaptive and innate immune response to infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 in children and adults. Immune disorders in individuals with varying degrees of severity and course of the disease were analyzed. Immunological parameters in children with various clinical course of COVID-19 were described. The features of immunopathogenesis in pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome with various course are presented. Features depending on the HLA phenotype were analyzed. A suggestion was made that S1 antigenemia as a consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the gastrointestinal tract is an important cause of the pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome development. Disputable questions of treatment are presented.

Key words: new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), pathogenesis, immunity, multisystem inflammatory response, treatment.

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