O.V. BORISOVA, V.A. VYALTSEVA, A.A. FRANC

Samara State Medical University, Samara

 Contact details:

Borisova O.V. — MD, Professor, Head of the Department of Children’s Infections

Address: 89 Chapaevskaya St., Samara, Russian Federation, 443099, tel.: +7 (846) 374-10-04 (4696), e-mail: o.v.borisova@samsmu.ru

Cytomegalovirus infection (CMVI) is widespread throughout the world — 60–90% of adults are infected as a result of a long-term latent infection. The risk of CMVI transmission to a child in the primary infection of a pregnant woman is 30–40%, in the chronic form — 0.2–1.8%. Cytomegalovirus is neurotropic and can penetrate the central nervous system at any stage of its development and maturity. In both overt and asymptomatic forms of CMVI, children can experience long-term neurological consequences, ranging from hearing loss, minimal brain dysfunction to profound mental retardation.

The article considers long-term neurological consequences of congenital and postnatal cytomegalovirus infection. Modern ideas about the mechanisms of damage to the nervous system in CMVI are presented. The factors of adverse outcomes after the disease are described. Long-term neurological consequences in children are presented: sensorineural deafness and ophthalmic complications, neurocognitive disorders, cerebral palsy, autism spectrum disorders, and others.

The necessity of follow-up monitoring of children infected with cytomegalovirus with individualized approach to each patient is substantiated. The article will help practical pediatricians to expand their knowledge about CMVI and avoid possible negative consequences for patients in the future.

Key words: cytomegalovirus infection, children, neurological long-term consequences.

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