D.A. ABDULCHAKOVA^1, 2, R.A. ABDULKHAKOV³

¹KSMA – branch campus of the FSBEI FPE RMACPE MOH Russia, Kazan

²Republican Clinical Oncology Dispensary named after Prof. M.Z. Sigal, Kazan

³Kazan State Medical University, Kazan

 Contact details:

Abdulchakova D.A. — PhD (medicine), Associate Professor of the Radiology Diagnostics Department

Address: 36 Butlerov St., Kazan, Russian Federation, 420012, tel.: +7 (843) 519-27-14, e-mail: dabdulchakova@gmail.com

 The purpose — to show the possibilities of the classical X-ray research method for the diagnosis of hernias of the diaphragm esophageal opening.

Material and methods. A classical X-ray examination of 138 patients with hiatal hernia was performed. Initially, a study of the chest organs and posterior mediastinum was carried out. A contrast study of the esophagus and stomach with a barium suspension was carried out in a horizontal position of the patient on the back and on the stomach, as well as vertically.

Results. Mostly axial hiatal hernias were diagnosed — in 134 patients (97.1%), including 42 (31.3%) with esophageal shortening due to scarring and 92 (68.6%) sliding hernias; signs of intussusception were revealed in 2 cases. In one patient, along with the esophageal shortening, 2 «niches» were identified due to ulceration, which were confirmed by endoscopy. Paraesophageal hernias were found in 4 cases (2.9%), in all four cases the hernias were fixed; in one case, a total hernia with a volvulus of the stomach was diagnosed. In case of 23 (17.1%) patientsaxial hiatal hernias were combined with esophageal or gastric cancer. X-ray findings were confirmed by upper GI endoscopy.

Conclusion. The up-to-date, correctly performed X-ray examination made it possible not only to reveal a hiatal hernia, but also to determine its type, to study the function of the esophageal-gastric junction and the presence of complications.

Key words: x-ray diagnostics, hiatal hernia, axial hernia, paraesophageal hernia, fixed hernia.

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