N.A. TSIBULKIN¹, E.B. FROLOVA², A.I. ABDRAHMANOVA³, G.V. TUKHVATULLINA⁴

¹Kazan State Medical Academy ― Branch Campus of RMACPE MH Russia, Каzan

²Municipal Clinical Hospital №7, Kazan

³Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan

⁴Clinical Hospital of Medical Unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan

Contact:

Tsibulkin N.A. ― PhD (medicine), Associate Professor of the Department of Cardiology, Roentgenendovascular and Cardiovascular Surgery

Address: 36 Butlerov Str., Kazan, Russian Federation, 420012, tel. (843) 261-74-11, e-mail: kldkgma@mail.ru

Relevance. Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a frequent urgent cardiovascular conditions. The main cause of PE is thrombosis of deep veins of lower limbs. Simultaneous presence of PE and venous thrombosis is known as venous thromboembolism.

Objective ― to characterize the modern scientific data on PE development mechanisms, epidemiology and diagnostics.

Material and methods. Analysis of modern scientific data from available literary sources devoted to epidemiology, pathogenesis and diagnostics of PE.

Results. There is trend to reduction of PE fatality, but this is attributed to increase in subclinical cases detected by high-tech diagnostic methods. About one third of patients with venous thromboembolism come with signs of PE, while two thirds have symptoms of venous thrombosis. Data indicate that venous thrombosis is not the only cause of PE. About two thirds of patients with venous thrombosis have no data for PE, and about one third of patients with PE have no signs of venous thrombosis. Alternative factors for PE development may be hormonal contraceptives, chemotherapeutic drugs, antiphospholipid syndrome, congenital thrombophilia, transient hypercoagulate states, sickle cell anemia, and systemic vasculitis.

Conclusion. Severe cases of PE are likely associated with venous thrombosis, whereas low-symptom or subclinical variants may have other mechanisms.

Key words: pulmonary embolism, pathophysiology, diagnostics.

(For citation: Tsibulkin N.A., frolova e.b., Abdrahmanova A.I., Tukhvatullina G.V. Current issues of pathogenesis and diagnostics of pulmonary embolism. Practical medicine. 2020. Vol. 18, №1, P. 8-12)

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