V.N. OSLOPOV, I.I. MILYUTINA, O.I. MILYUTINA

Kazan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kazan

Contact:

Milyutina I.I. ― 5^th year student of Medical-Biological Faculty

Address: 49 Butlerov Str., Kazan, Russian Federation, 420012, e-mail: milyutina.irka@yandex.ru

 The existing pacemakers have a number of drawbacks, like impossibility to modulate the heart rate according to physiological and emotional needs. Hence, several research groups started to search for an alternative. Thus, a concept of a biological pacemaker appeared.

Objective ― to review the existing means and technique to create a biological pacemaker.

Material and methods. Search, study and analysis of publications on the topic.

Results. There are three methodologies to develop a biological pacemaker, a bioconstruction which should induce spontaneous rhythm, fully corresponding to the patient’s needs, from the site of its implantation in the myocardium. The first is to transfect myocardium cells with adenovirus vector with HCN gene, coding the canals for a pacemaker current or automatism current. Another possible strategy is to use embryonic stem cells, differentiated into pacemaker-like cells by special factors. Also, mesenchymal stem cells may be used as a non-viral platform to transport HCN gene.

Conclusion. Research demonstrates the possibility of developing a biological pacemaker and its ability to respond to the signals of vegetative nervous system. However, clinical application of such constructions is complicated, as a number of issues of functioning and safety of biological pacemakers is still unsolved.

Key words: biological pacemaker, gene therapy, cell therapy.

(For citation: Oslopov V.N., Milyutina I.I., Milyutina O.I. Biological pacemaker: possibility and technique of development. 2020. Vol. 18, №1, P. 32-37)

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